Short answers, pulled from the story.
Max Mathews created the first digital synthesis family of computer programs in the year 1957. He typed a single line of code on a massive mainframe computer at Bell Labs to produce MUSIC-N, which proved that a machine could generate sounds without physical instruments.
Roger Linn released the LM-1 drum machine computer in the late 1970s with eight distinct drum sounds including kick drum, snare, hi-hat, cabasa, tambourine, two tom toms, two congas, cowbell, clave, and handclaps. The device used high frequencies reaching 28 kHz to achieve realistic sounding drum sounds that could be recorded individually.
The LC computer music programming language differs from existing unit-generator languages by providing objects as well as library functions and methods that can directly represent microsounds and related manipulations. This system offers granular control for experienced coders to produce sounds or patches from scratch through the precise manipulation of digital data.
Music programming innovations of the 1980s brought controversy because many artists began to record their beats by programming instead of recording a live drummer. This shift from organic performance to digital arrangement fundamentally changed the traditional way music was made and recorded while enabling the creation of textures previously impossible to achieve.
Popular digital audio workstations include GarageBand, FL Studio, Avid Pro Tools, Apple Logic Pro X, Magix Acid Pro, Ableton Live, Presonus Studio One, Magix Samplitude Pro X, Cockos Reaper, Propellerhead Reason, Steinberg Cubase Pro, and Bitwig Studio. These programs run on personal computers to facilitate the creation of modern pop, rock, jazz, and contemporary classical music.