Short answers, pulled from the story.
Chinese artisans began printing patterns on cloth using early woodblock methods in the 5th century. By that same era, they had adapted these techniques to print text and images directly onto paper.
Alois Senefelder invented lithography in 1798 based on the chemical repulsion of oil and water. Artists draw images on porous limestone using greasy mediums that resist water to create this process.
Jack Duganne Johnson coined the term Giclée in 1991 for digital prints made on inkjet printers. Originally associated with early dye-based printers it now refers more often to pigment-based outputs.
On average about three to four plates are produced though some use up to seven. Lightest colors apply first followed by darker ones successively until the darkest layer completes the image.
Engraving developed in Germany during the 1430s as goldsmiths sought new ways to decorate metalwork. A hardened steel tool called a burin cuts designs into copper plates with steady deliberate lines.