Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Constitution requires the president to be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for at least 14 years. A person may also be disqualified under the Twenty-second Amendment if already elected to two terms, or under the Fourteenth Amendment if they swore an oath to the Constitution and then rebelled against the United States.
As of the current 60th four-year term, 45 individuals have served or are serving 47 presidencies. Donald Trump is the 47th and current president, having taken office on the 20th of January 2025.
The Twenty-second Amendment was ratified in 1951 in direct response to Franklin D. Roosevelt's unprecedented election to four consecutive terms. Roosevelt died on the 12th of April 1945, just 82 days into his fourth term. The amendment bars anyone from being elected president more than twice.
Since 2001, the president's annual salary has been $400,000. This is supplemented by a $50,000 expense allowance, a $100,000 nontaxable travel account, and a $19,000 entertainment account. Congress sets the salary, but any change cannot take effect until the next presidential term.
If no candidate receives at least 270 electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president using a contingent election procedure in which each state delegation casts a single vote among the top three electoral vote-getters. This has happened twice: in 1800, when Thomas Jefferson was elected on the 36th ballot on the 17th of February 1801, and in 1824, when John Quincy Adams was elected on the first ballot on the 9th of February 1825.
The Former Presidents Act of 1958 grants former presidents a lifetime pension, medical care in military facilities, health insurance, Secret Service protection, and funding for staff and office expenses. As of 2012, the pension was based on the cabinet secretary salary of $199,700 per year. Presidents who were removed from office by impeachment are excluded from these benefits.