Questions about Population transfer in the Soviet Union

Short answers, pulled from the story.

When did the Soviet government order the forced removal of ethnic Koreans from the Russian Far East?

The Soviet government ordered the forced removal of 171,781 ethnic Koreans from the Russian Far East in October 1937. This operation known as the Deportation of Koreans marked the first time the state decided to uproot a people solely because of their ethnicity and proximity to a perceived foreign threat. Families were given only hours to pack their belongings before being loaded onto cattle cars and sent to the vast steppes of Central Asia.

How many people died in Soviet labor colonies between 1932 and 1940 according to Soviet archives?

Soviet archives documented 389,521 deaths in labor colonies between 1932 and 1940. The total number of kulaks and their relatives who died remains a subject of historical debate with some estimates suggesting that up to 15 million people were deported by 1937 though the full number is unknown. The mortality rate among these deportees was staggering due to harsh climates disease malnutrition and work exploitation.

What percentage of the adult population in Latvia was deported or sent to labor camps between 1940 and 1953?

In the Baltic republics of Latvia Lithuania and Estonia more than 200,000 people were deported between 1940 and 1953. In these regions 10% of the entire adult population was either deported or sent to labor camps. By 1989 native Latvians represented only 52% of the population of their own country due to these deportations.

On what date did the Soviet government order the mass deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944?

On the 18th of May 1944 the Soviet government ordered the mass deportation of the Crimean Tatars sending nearly 200,000 people to Uzbekistan and other distant parts of the Soviet Union. According to NKVD data nearly 20% of the Crimean Tatars died in exile during the following year and a half though Crimean Tatar activists report the figure to be nearly 46%. The stated reasons for these deportations were often accusations of collaboration with Nazi Germany.

When did the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issue a Declaration recognizing illegal and criminal repressive acts against peoples subjected to forced resettlement?

On the 14th of November 1989 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a Declaration recognizing illegal and criminal repressive acts against peoples subjected to forced resettlement. On the 26th of April 1991 the RSFSR Law On the rehabilitation of repressed peoples was adopted which recognized the deportation of peoples as a policy of slander and genocide. The national autonomies of Kalmyks Chechens Ingush Karachais and Balkars were restored in 1957 and 1958 allowing these peoples to return to their historical territories.

How many people perished as a result of forced relocations in the Soviet Union according to estimates?

Estimates suggest that between 800,000 and 1.5 million people perished as a result of the forced relocations. The causes of death were varied and often preventable including harsh climates disease malnutrition and work exploitation that lasted up to 12 hours daily. Contemporary historians like Nicolas Werth place overall deaths closer to some 1 to 1.5 million perishing as a result of the deportations.

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