Short answers, pulled from the story.
Pennsylvania was founded on the 28th of February 1681, when King Charles II granted a land charter to Quaker leader William Penn to settle a debt of 16,000 pounds sterling owed to Penn's father, Admiral Penn. Penn established the colony as a haven for religious and political tolerance.
The Battle of Gettysburg was fought from the 1st to the 3rd of July 1863 near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, resulting in over 51,000 Union and Confederate casualties. It is the bloodiest battle in American history and proved to be the Civil War's turning point, leading to the Union's victory two years later.
Pennsylvania earned the nickname Cellicon State for the central role of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh in developing immunotherapies to treat different cancers. The nickname has been in use since the inception of the 21st century.
Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Jefferson Township is the earliest known site of human activity in Pennsylvania and possibly in all of North America. It contains remains of a civilization that existed over 10,000 years ago, predating the Clovis culture.
Pennsylvania hosted both the First and Second Continental Congresses in Philadelphia. The Declaration of Independence was adopted there in 1776, and the U.S. Constitution was drafted and signed at the Pennsylvania State House, now known as Independence Hall. Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the Constitution on the 12th of December 1787.
United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township, 1.75 miles north of Shanksville, Pennsylvania, on the 11th of September 2001. After learning by air phone of the earlier attacks on the World Trade Center, the 40 civilians on board revolted against the four Al-Qaeda hijackers, causing the plane to crash before it could reach its intended target of either the U.S. Capitol or the White House.