Short answers, pulled from the story.
Peloponnese derives from the ancient Greek Peloponnesos, meaning the island or peninsula of Pelops. Pelops was a hero in Greek mythology said to have conquered the entire region, and the word nesos carried an archaic meaning of both island and peninsula.
The Greek War of Independence began in the Peloponnese on the 23rd of March 1821, when rebels took control of Kalamata. Theodoros Kolokotronis captured the main Ottoman garrison at Tripolitsa in September 1821, marking a turning point in the conflict.
The Despotate of the Morea was a Byzantine territory in the Peloponnese that existed from 1349 until its surrender to the Ottoman Turks on the 31st of May 1460. Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos established it as an appanage for his son Manuel Kantakouzenos, and Mystras near ancient Sparta served as its capital.
The Battle of Navarino was fought in 1827 off Pylos on the western coast of the Peloponnese. A combined British, French, and Russian fleet decisively defeated the Turko-Egyptian fleet, leading to the removal of the last Turko-Egyptian forces from the peninsula and helping secure Greek independence.
Mount Taygetus in the south is the highest mountain in the Peloponnese, reaching 2,407 meters above sea level. Other significant peaks include Cyllene in the northeast at 2,376 meters and Aroania in the north at 2,355 meters.
The Peloponnese produces several wines with Protected Designation of Origin status, including red wines from the Nemea region made from the Agiorgitiko grape, white wines from the Mantineia region made from Moschofilero, and fortified red wine made near Patras from Mavrodafni grapes. The Kalamata olive is among the region's most recognized food products.