Short answers, pulled from the story.
Paul the Apostle, born Saul of Tarsus around 5 AD, was a Christian apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus across the Roman world in the first century AD. He founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD and is traditionally credited with writing up to fourteen of the twenty-seven books of the New Testament.
Paul did not change his name at his conversion, as is commonly believed. Paulus was a Latin name he carried from early life for use in communicating with a Greco-Roman audience, while Saul was his Hebrew name. He is first called Paul in Acts 13:9, on the island of Cyprus, well after his conversion.
According to Acts 9, Paul fell to the ground, heard a voice saying "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?", and was blinded for three days. He was led into Damascus, took no food or water, and was healed by Ananias of Damascus, who restored his sight and baptized him. Paul dated his conversion to between 31 and 36 AD in his own letters.
Paul's death is believed to have occurred after the Great Fire of Rome in July 64 AD but before 68 AD, the last year of Nero's reign. Eusebius of Caesarea states Paul was beheaded under Nero. Jerome records that he was buried on the Via Ostiensis, the site now occupied by the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.
Seven letters are almost universally accepted as authentically Paul's: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon. Four others, including Ephesians and the three Pastoral Epistles, are widely considered pseudepigraphical. The Epistle to the Hebrews is almost universally rejected by scholars as Pauline.
According to the Liber Pontificalis, Paul was buried outside the walls of Rome at the second mile on the Via Ostiensis. In 2002, an eight-foot marble sarcophagus inscribed with the words "PAULO APOSTOLO MART" was found during excavations at the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI announced that radiocarbon dating of bone fragments from the sarcophagus indicated they were from the first or second century.