Short answers, pulled from the story.
Paul the Apostle was born between 5 BC and 5 AD and was a Roman citizen by birth. This rare status for a Jew suggests his ancestors had been freedmen or granted citizenship under the auspices of Julius Caesar.
On the road to Damascus in 31 AD, Saul experienced a blinding light and heard the voice of Jesus, which caused him to fall to the ground and become blind for three days. He was then led into Damascus where the disciple Ananias restored his sight and filled him with the Holy Spirit.
The Council of Jerusalem in 49 AD resulted in the Pillars of the Church accepting Paul's mission to the Gentiles and agreeing that Gentile converts did not need to be circumcised or follow Jewish law. This decision marked the beginning of a permanent schism between the followers of Christ and mainstream Judaism.
Paul the Apostle traveled over 12,000 kilometers by land and 8,000 kilometers by sea during his three great missionary journeys. These journeys covered the Mediterranean world and included stops in Cyprus, Asia Minor, Macedonia, Greece, and Ephesus.
Tradition holds that Paul the Apostle was beheaded during the Neronian Persecution after the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD but before 68 AD. The apocryphal Acts of Paul describe his martyrdom and a legend says his severed head bounced three times, creating water sources at San Paolo alle Tre Fontane.
Seven books of the New Testament are almost universally accepted as authentic letters written by Paul the Apostle, including Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon. Four other letters including Ephesians and 1 Timothy are widely considered pseudepigraphical, while the authorship of Colossians and 2 Thessalonians is debated.