Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word oncology derives from the Ancient Greek terms ónkos, meaning tumor or bulk, and lógos, meaning study. This linguistic origin reveals the field's ancient roots in observing physical masses within the human body, long before modern science could distinguish between benign growths and malignant killers.
The first oncologist to use the term in a published medical journal was the French surgeon Jean-François Fournier in 1853. He described the study of tumors as a distinct field of inquiry, marking a radical departure from the prevailing medical wisdom of the time.
The first successful amputation for a malignant tumor was performed by the Scottish surgeon James Syme in 1841. He removed a patient's leg to save them from a spreading sarcoma, establishing the precedent that physical removal could be curative.
The first palliative care unit was established in the 1960s by the British nurse Cicely Saunders. She believed that the physical and emotional needs of dying patients should be addressed with the same intensity as the treatment of the disease itself.
The first ethical guidelines for oncology were established in the 1970s, following the publication of the Nuremberg Code. These guidelines set standards for human experimentation and protect the rights and dignity of patients.