Short answers, pulled from the story.
Neo-Latin texts from 1610 first used the term neurologia to denote an anatomical focus on nerves. This academic discipline began taking shape between the 15th and 16th centuries through the work of early researchers like Thomas Willis and Robert Whytt.
On average physicians spend eight to ten years total in training including medical school and optional fellowships lasting one to three years. Neurologists complete four years of postgraduate residency training after graduating from medical school with the first year focusing specifically on internal medicine before transitioning to neurological cases.
A standard neurological examination tests mental status strength coordination reflexes sensation and gait to determine if problems exist within the nervous system. Useful adjunct imaging studies include computed axial tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging while other tests assess muscle and nerve function through nerve conduction studies and electromyography procedures.
Neurologists diagnose and treat myriad conditions including Parkinson's disease multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. They also manage headaches brain infections autoimmune disorders sleep disturbances and tumors of the brain.
Acute head trauma is most often treated by neurosurgeons while sequelae of injuries may be managed by neurologists or rehabilitation specialists. Stroke cases traditionally handled by internal medicine have created demand for vascular neurology and interventional neuroradiology experts.