Short answers, pulled from the story.
Money functions as a medium of exchange, stores value over time, and provides a unit of account for measuring prices. These roles allow money to achieve widespread acceptance within an economy.
Robert Clower published this paper in 1967 in the Western Economic Journal. This work began to untangle how money functions as more than just a tool for exchange.
Sher Shah Suri issued the silver coin called the rupiya weighing 178 grams during his rule from 1540 to 1545. This currency continued under Mughal rulers and traced its origins back to ancient times around the third century BC when Ancient India became one of the earliest issuers of coins alongside Lydian staters and Chinese wen.
Milton Friedman developed monetarism which emphasizes the importance and stability of the relation between money supply, interest rates, price levels, and nominal output. Thomas J. Sargent contributed significantly to rational expectations theory through his 1975 article Rational Expectations, the Optimal Monetary Instrument, and the Optimal Money Supply Rule co-authored with Neil Wallace.
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics second edition was published in 2008. Lars Svensson contributed research on inflation targeting strategies available within this publication.