Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first steel-framed skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, was built in 1883 and designed by William Le Baron Jenney. This ten-story structure in Chicago utilized a metal skeleton to support weight, allowing for taller and more open buildings than previous masonry walls.
The Villa Savoye was built between 1928 and 1931 in the Paris suburb of Poissy by Le Corbusier. This white box structure wrapped with a ribbon of glass windows became an icon of modernist architecture by demonstrating how glass curtain walls and open floor plans could be independent of the structure.
The Nazis closed the Bauhaus school in 1933 after viewing it as a training ground for communists. Founder Walter Gropius left for England and then the United States, where he and Marcel Breuer joined the faculty of the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Konstantin Melnikov built the Rusakov Workers Club in 1928 in Moscow. He was one of the first prominent constructivist architects to emerge in Russia after the movement was launched in 1921 by a group of artists led by Aleksandr Rodchenko.
The rebuilt city center of Le Havre was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2005. Architect Auguste Perret designed the new center after the city was destroyed by bombing in 1944, creating 133 hectares of new buildings and housing 40,000 homeless persons.
The Sears Tower, now renamed the Willis Tower, was the tallest building in the world from 1973 until 1998. It was designed by Fazlur Rahman Khan and was the first building to use the framed-tube design.