Short answers, pulled from the story.
The cast plate glass process was invented in 1848, allowing the manufacture of very large windows. This innovation arrived alongside drywall and reinforced concrete to build structures that were stronger, lighter, and taller than anything before.
William Le Baron Jenney built the ten-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago in 1884. This structure stands as the first steel-framed skyscraper following developments like the Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851.
The Bauhaus was a school founded in Weimar in 1920 under the direction of Walter Gropius. It was transferred from Weimar to Dessau in 1926 and later closed by the Nazis in 1933 after Ludwig Mies van der Rohe became head from 1930 to 1933.
Auguste Perret designed and built an entirely new center for the city of Le Havre which had been destroyed by bombing in 1944. His rebuilt city was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2005.
Philip Johnson designed his own residence the Glass House in New Canaan Connecticut in 1953. His final and decisive break with modern architecture was the AT&T Building later known as the Sony Tower and now the 550 Madison Avenue in New York City from 1979.