Mir was in orbit from 1986 to 2001, a total of fifteen years. It was designed to remain in orbit for around five years but operated for three times its planned lifespan. It was deorbited on the 23rd of March 2001, with debris falling into the South Pacific Ocean.
Who held the record for the longest single spaceflight on Mir?
Valeri Polyakov holds the record for the longest single human spaceflight, spending 437 days aboard Mir between 1994 and 1995. He launched with the EO-14 crew and returned with EO-17.
How many people visited Mir and where were they from?
105 cosmonauts and astronauts from 12 different nations visited Mir over its lifetime, and the crew conducted 80 spacewalks. Mir was the most visited spacecraft in history until it was surpassed by the International Space Station.
What caused the Progress M-34 collision with Mir in 1997?
Progress M-34 struck Mir on the 25th of June 1997 during a test of the TORU manual docking system. The spacecraft hit the Spektr module's solar arrays and then its outer hull, puncturing the module and causing depressurisation. The crew sealed Spektr's hatch to stabilise the rest of the station.
How much did the Mir programme cost in total?
Former Russian Federal Space Agency director Yuri Koptev estimated in 2001 that the Mir programme cost 4.2 billion dollars over its lifetime, including development, assembly, and orbital operation.
What was the Shuttle-Mir programme and why was it created?
The Shuttle-Mir programme was a joint US-Russian space effort running from 1994 to 1998, sometimes called Phase One of the partnership that built the ISS. It was announced in September 1993 by US vice president Al Gore Jr. and Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin to allow American astronauts to gain long-duration spaceflight experience and to build cooperative habits between NASA and Roskosmos ahead of ISS construction. Eleven Space Shuttle missions and nearly 1,000 cumulative days in space for US astronauts resulted from the programme.