Short answers, pulled from the story.
Archaeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990 when Scania was part of Denmark. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved the settlement to its present location from Uppåkra, a distance of some two kilometers.
From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lund and became an archbishopric in 1104. The diocese of nearby Dalby was absorbed in 1066 and the ecclesiastical province comprised Scandinavia and even Garðar on Greenland until the Norwegian archdiocese of Nidaros was founded as a separate province in 1152.
Today Lund University has 41,000 students across eight faculties offering over 2,000 separate courses. It is one of northern Europe's largest universities with 28% international students and student traditions such as a student theatre group since 1886.
The exceptionally bloody Battle of Lund was fought just north of the city in 1676 during the early phases of the Scanian War. It ended in a decisive Swedish victory and confirmed Swedish control of Scania again in the Peace of Lund later that year after Denmark recaptured the city in 1676.
MAX IV is the world's most brilliant synchrotron light source and a Swedish national facility inaugurated on the 21st of June 2016. The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a pulsed neutron source under construction on a site just north of MAX IV.