Short answers, pulled from the story.
A low-pressure area is a region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations. These systems are commonly associated with cloudy skies, strong winds, and possible rain or storms, in contrast to high-pressure areas, which bring lighter winds and clear skies.
Winds rotate counter-clockwise around low-pressure areas in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. This difference is caused by opposing Coriolis forces produced by the Earth's rotation.
Cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of cyclonic circulations, or low-pressure areas, within the atmosphere. It occurs when wind divergence in the upper atmosphere causes air to rise, reducing the mass of the atmospheric column above the surface and lowering surface pressure.
Tropical cyclones generally require water temperatures of at least 26.5 degrees Celsius down to a depth of at least 50 meters. These warm waters make the overlying atmosphere unstable enough to sustain the convection and thunderstorm activity that powers the storm.
Globally, low-pressure systems are most frequently located over the Tibetan Plateau and in the lee of the Rocky Mountains. In Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, recurring extratropical low-pressure systems are known as depressions.
September is the most active month for tropical cyclone formation on a worldwide scale, while May is the least active. Nearly one-third of all the world's tropical cyclones form within the western Pacific Ocean, making it the most active basin on Earth.