Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the classical Latin alphabet. It derives from a form of the Greek alphabet used in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia, which was altered first by the Etruscans and then by the Ancient Romans.
In July 2020, 2.6 billion people, about 36 percent of the world population, used the Latin alphabet. It is the most widely adopted writing system in the world and the basis for the largest number of alphabets of any writing system.
The ISO basic Latin alphabet is the set of 26 most widespread Latin letters, the same letters as the English alphabet. ISO and Unicode define these 26 uppercase and lowercase letters as the basic Latin alphabet, with extensions added to handle letters in other languages.
In 1928, as part of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's reforms, the new Republic of Türkiye adopted a Latin alphabet for the Turkish language, replacing a modified Arabic alphabet. This was followed in the 1930s by most peoples of the former USSR adopting the Latin-based Unified Turkic Alphabet.
The letters J, U, and W were developed as the Latin alphabet adapted to Germanic and Romance languages. W began as a doubled V used in Old English by the 7th century, U was derived from V in the 16th century, and J entered English for the consonant in the 17th century.
The Latin script spread first with the Roman Empire around the Mediterranean, then through Western Christianity in the Middle Ages, and later through European colonization to the Americas, Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Missionaries introduced it to languages such as Vietnamese and Konkani.