Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Latin word dūcō means I lead, you lead, he leads, we lead, or they lead depending on its ending. This single word carries multiple layers of grammatical information through its inflectional endings.
Five main cases handle most noun functions in Latin with a seventh locative case appearing mostly with city names like Rome. The genitive case indicates possession while the dative shows direction toward someone and the ablative covers instruments or location.
First declension nouns usually end in -a and are typically feminine such as puella meaning girl. Aeneas is one example of a first declension masculine noun that does not follow standard rules.
Regular Latin verbs follow specific endings depending on whether their infinitive ends in -āre, -ēre, -ere, or -īre. The verb amō belongs to the first conjugation while Vidēre falls under the second group.
Inflection allows such freedom because endings define roles rather than position in the sentence. Grammatical function relies entirely on inflectional markers so context determines whether rex means the king or a king.