Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Mesolithic era around 8000 BC left the first human traces in what is now Kuwait. Archaeologists found evidence of early habitation at site H3 and Bahra 1 during the Ubaid period between 5500 and 3700 BC.
Traders from Ur established a mercantile business on that island. Dilmun civilization controlled Persian Gulf trade routes at its peak around 2000 BC while Sumerian cuneiform texts referred to Failaka as Agarum or the land of Enzak.
Oil first appeared in the Burgan field on the 22nd of February 1938. Crude oil exports began in 1946 marking the start of massive economic transformation for the country.
A U.S.-led coalition expelled Iraqi forces on the 26th of February 1991 during Operation Desert Storm. Retreating Iraqi troops set fire to more than 500 oil wells creating scorched earth policy consequences before liberation was achieved.
Women gained voting rights in 2005 after multiple prior attempts at enfranchisement failed. This change occurred following chronic political deadlock between government and parliament that resulted in repeated cabinet reshuffles since 2006.
The Kuwait Investment Authority manages world's oldest sovereign wealth fund established in 1953. Holdings valued at approximately $700 billion in assets as of 2021 make it third largest globally.