Short answers, pulled from the story.
Katsudō Shashin is a three-second silent film fragment discovered in 2005 in Kyoto, Japan. The filmstrip consists of fifty frames of 35mm celluloid stencilled by hand and features a boy in a sailor suit writing kanji.
The identity of the creator of Katsudō Shashin remains unknown with no signature or studio name on the film. Historians believe the work was produced between 1905 and 1912 during the late Meiji period.
A secondhand dealer in Kyoto contacted Natsuki Matsumoto of the Osaka University of Arts in December 2004 to examine a collection of old projectors and films. Matsumoto examined the items the following month and found the filmstrip among three projectors and eleven 35mm films.
Katsudō Shashin was produced using a kappa-ban device to stencil images onto 35mm celluloid rather than photographing them frame by frame. The resulting images are rendered in stark red and black using a technique borrowed from magic lantern slides.
The earliest display of foreign animation in Japanese theatres that can be dated with certainty is Émile Cohl's The Nipper's Transformations which premiered in Tokyo on the 15th of April 1912. This event occurred after the estimated creation period of Katsudō Shashin.