Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jutland is a peninsula in Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany, specifically Schleswig-Holstein. It stretches from the Grenen spit in the north to the confluence of the Elbe and the Sude in the southeast, bounded by the North Sea to the west, the Skagerrak to the north, and the Baltic Sea to the southeast.
The Kiel Canal is the world's busiest artificial waterway, completed in 1895 and still in use. It was built to allow ships to cross the Jutland peninsula without sailing around it, connecting the North Sea at Brunsbüttel to the Baltic Sea at Kiel-Holtenau.
Germany invaded and occupied Denmark within a few hours on the 9th of April 1940, killing sixteen Danish soldiers. The Atlantic Wall was extended along Jutland's entire west coast, and the Hanstholm Fortress became the largest fortification in Northern Europe. The construction involved between 50,000 and 100,000 workers and has been estimated to cost the equivalent of 300-400 billion DKK in today's money. After the war, German prisoners of war cleared 1.4 million mines from the coast.
A severe storm in 1825 breached the isthmus of Agger Tange in the Limfjord area, separating the northern part of Jutland from the mainland and effectively creating the North Jutlandic Island. The breach opened the Agger Channel; a second storm in 1862 opened the nearby Thyborøn Channel, which was later widened and secured in 1875.
The Jutland Movement refers to a group of writers who portrayed the social realism of the Jutland region, often writing in local dialects. It grew from the pioneering work of Steen Steensen Blicher (1782-1848), who was of Jutish origin and wrote about rural Jutlandic culture. Writers who followed him, united by their engagement with the life and landscape of the peninsula, came to be grouped under this label.
Around 300,000 Danes, mainly unskilled rural labourers, emigrated to the United States or Canada in the latter half of the 19th century, more than 10% of the total Danish population at the time. The causes included rapid population growth driven by better nutrition and health care, falling international grain prices during the Long Depression, and expanding industrial opportunities in the cities.