Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jean-Paul Sartre was born on the 21st of June 1905 in Paris and died on the 15th of April 1980 in Paris. He was born to a father who died when Sartre was only two years old and was raised by his mother and grandfather.
Jean-Paul Sartre published his masterpiece Being and Nothingness in 1943. This text posited that humans are condemned to be free and must create their own essence through choices rather than following a predetermined nature.
Jean-Paul Sartre refused the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964 to avoid the institutionalization of writers and to remain independent of Western cultural institutions. He stated that a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution and wanted to avoid taking sides in the East versus West cultural struggle.
Jean-Paul Sartre met Simone de Beauvoir in 1929 at the École Normale and they became inseparable lifelong companions. They initiated a non-monogamous romantic relationship that challenged the cultural and social assumptions of their time.
Jean-Paul Sartre became almost completely blind in 1973 and his health continued to deteriorate until his death on the 15th of April 1980. Despite his failing eyesight he continued to work on his massive analytical biography of Gustave Flaubert titled The Family Idiot.