Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jacob was a Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, described in the Book of Genesis as the son of Isaac and Rebecca and the twin brother of Esau. He was later renamed Israel, and his twelve sons became the forefathers of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.
Jacob was renamed Israel after wrestling through the night with a mysterious being at the ford of the Jabbok, near a place he called Penuel. The name Yisra'el has been read as one who has prevailed with God or a prince with God.
Jacob bought Esau's birthright in exchange for a bowl of red stew when Esau returned famished from the fields. He later took Esau's blessing by disguising himself with goatskins and his brother's garments to deceive his blind father Isaac.
Jacob's children were born to four women: his wives Leah and Rachel, and the concubines Bilhah and Zilpah. Together they bore his twelve sons and his daughter Dinah.
Jacob migrated to Egypt during a severe seven-year famine, after learning that his son Joseph was alive and serving as governor over all Egypt. He traveled with his entire house of 70 and was settled to pasture in the province of Goshen.
Jacob died at the age of 147 in Egypt. After 70 days of mourning and 40 days of embalming, he was carried to Canaan and buried in the cave of Machpelah in Hebron, the field Abraham had bought from Ephron the Hittite.
Scholars take a mixed view of Jacob's historicity, and archaeology has so far produced no evidence for his existence. William Albright once dated the patriarchal narratives to about the 19th century BCE, while Thomas Thompson and William Dever argue they are late literary compositions.