Short answers, pulled from the story.
"Iphigenia" means "strong-born," or in a related reading, "she who causes the birth of strong offspring." An older variant, Iphianassa, appears in Homer's Iliad for one of Agamemnon's daughters at lines 145 and 287 of book nine, and the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women calls the same figure Iphimede.
Ancient sources disagree. In some versions Iphigenia died at the altar; in others, Artemis substituted a deer at the last moment and transported Iphigenia to Tauris. The lost epic Cypria, summarized by the scholar Proclus, states that Artemis carried her away and made her immortal.
Iphigenia was the eldest daughter of King Agamemnon of Mycenae and Queen Clytemnestra. She was brought to the bay of Aulis on the pretext of marrying the hero Achilles, then was to be sacrificed to Artemis so that the becalmed Greek fleet could sail for Troy.
At Tauris, Iphigenia served as priestess of Artemis and was obliged to sacrifice Greek strangers. Her brother Orestes arrived with Pylades to steal the cult image of Artemis; a letter brought about their recognition; all three escaped with the xoanon. Athena then sent Iphigenia to serve as priestess at the sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron.
Christoph Willibald Gluck composed Iphigenie en Aulide and Iphigenie en Tauride, the most celebrated operatic treatments. Niccolo Piccinni, Tommaso Traetta, and the collaboration of Henri Desmarets and Andre Campra also produced versions of the Tauris story. Wayne Shorter and Esperanza Spalding composed a jazz opera titled Iphigenia, staged in 2021.
Lucretius used the sacrifice of Iphigenia in his poem De rerum natura as an attack on religion. He described Agamemnon as a father "making his child a sacrificial beast" on her wedding day and concluded: "such are the crimes to which Religion leads."