Short answers, pulled from the story.
Genetic studies identify Y-DNA haplogroups N3a-L708, R1a-Z93, and C2-M217 in ethnic Hungarians. These findings support a westward migration of ancestors from regions around present-day eastern Siberia and present-day Mongolia approximately 4,500 years ago to the Carpathian Basin.
Academic consensus holds that Hungarian diverged from its Ugric relatives in the first half of the 1st millennium BC. This divergence occurred to the east of the southern Urals in western Siberia.
Kraków printer Benedek Komjáti published the first Hungarian-language book set in movable type in 1533. The earliest remaining fragments of the language are found in the establishing charter of the abbey of Tihany from 1055.
The second largest group of loanwords are made up of Turkic loanwords, which number between 300 and 500. The third largest group is made up of German loanwords, which number around 400.
Hungarian has about 13 million native speakers, of whom more than 9.8 million live in Hungary. According to the 2011 Hungarian census, 9,896,333 people speak Hungarian, of whom 9,827,875 people speak it as a first language.