Short answers, pulled from the story.
Hungarian is the only Uralic language spoken in Central Europe and traces its roots to the steppes of western Siberia. Genetic studies support a westward migration of ancestors from regions around present-day eastern Siberia and present-day Mongolia approximately 4,500 years ago. The language diverged from its Ugric relatives in the first half of the 1st millennium BC to the east of the southern Urals.
The earliest remaining fragments of the Hungarian language are found in the establishing charter of the abbey of Tihany from 1055. The first extant text fully written in Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer which dates to the 1190s. The first Hungarian-language book set in movable type was published in 1533 by Kraków printer Benedek Komjáti.
Hungarian is spoken by 14 million speakers with 9,896,333 in Hungary alone. Significant communities exist in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, and the diaspora in North America and Israel. The language remains the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union.
Ferenc Kazinczy spearheaded a process of language revitalization that transformed Hungarian from a medieval tongue into a modern literary language. Kazinczy produced more than ten thousand newly created Hungarian words to replace existing words of German and Latin origins. This movement significantly reduced the ratio of words of Latin and German origins in the Hungarian language.
The most numerous loanwords come from Slavic languages with 1252 words of proven Slavic origin. The second largest group of loanwords are made up of Turkic loanwords which can be divided into pre-Conquest and Ottoman layers. The third largest group is made up of German loanwords which number around 400 and started appearing in the language as early as the 11th century.