Short answers, pulled from the story.
Without treatment, the average survival time after HIV infection is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the specific subtype of the virus. This timeframe varies based on the specific subtype of the virus infecting the patient.
The first news story on an exotic new disease appeared on the 18th of May 1981, in the gay newspaper New York Native. This event marked the beginning of a global health crisis regarding the disease.
HIV-1 appears to have originated in southern Cameroon through the evolution of SIVcpz, a simian immunodeficiency virus that infects wild chimpanzees. The virus is believed to have transferred to humans in the early 20th century.
Modern HIV testing is extremely accurate, with a single screening test being correct more than 99% of the time. The chance of a false-positive result in a standard two-step testing protocol is estimated to be about 1 in 250,000 in a low risk population.
The U=U principle states that the risk of transmitting HIV through sex is effectively zero when the HIV-positive person has a consistently undetectable viral load. This concept was first proposed by the Swiss Federal Commission for AIDS/HIV in 2008 and confirmed by studies such as PARTNER 1 and PARTNER 2.