Short answers, pulled from the story.
The oldest known non-stationary human art dates to between 43,000 and 35,000 BC and was discovered in the Swabian Jura region of Germany. These artifacts emerged from the Caves and Ice Age Art UNESCO World Heritage Site during the Upper Paleolithic period.
Venus figurines are small prehistoric statuettes that feature exaggerated breasts and bellies, small heads, and wide hips. The Venus of Hohle Fels and the Venus of Willendorf are the most famous examples found in Germany and Austria respectively.
The Sumerians established the first city-state Uruk and developed the first known writing system called cuneiform in the 4th millennium BC. Their architecture was characterized by the use of bricks, lintels, and cone mosaic with notable examples being the ziggurats.
No civilization has had an impact as enduring and powerful on Western art as the Roman Empire. Roman architecture often used concrete and features such as the round arch and dome were invented by them.
The Early Renaissance started in Florence in present-day Italy in the early 15th century. It is characterized by a surge of interest in classical literature, philosophy, and art, the growth of commerce, and the discovery of new continents.
Baroque art emerged in the late 16th century and describes art that combined emotion, dynamism, and drama with powerful color, realism, and strong tonal contrasts. The Baroque and its late variant the Rococo dominated more than two centuries of art and architecture in Europe, Latin America, and beyond from circa 1580 to circa 1750.