Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first evidence of human cultivation of edible grasses dates to 21,000 BC. These early farmers, known as the Ohalo II people, lived on the shores of the Sea of Galilee and collected wild grains that would eventually become the foundation of civilization.
Agriculture emerged independently in at least eleven distinct regions across the Old and New Worlds. In the Americas, the domestication of maize from wild teosinte began around 7000 BC in southern Mexico, while the potato was domesticated in the Andes between 8000 BC and 5000 BC.
The eight Neolithic founder crops include emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chickpeas, and flax. These crops emerged around 9500 BC as the result of thousands of years of selective pressure driven by climate change and the need for stable food sources after the last ice age.
The British Agricultural Revolution increased agricultural productivity through new practices like enclosure, mechanization, four-field crop rotation, and selective breeding. Wheat productivity rose from 15 bushels per acre in 1720 to around 30 bushels by 1840, enabling unprecedented population growth to 5.7 million in 1750.
The Green Revolution was a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives between the 1940s and the late 1970s. The initiatives were led by Norman Borlaug and credited with saving over a billion people from starvation through the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains.
The European Potato Failure was a disastrous crop failure from disease that resulted in widespread famine and the death of over one million people in Ireland alone. This event occurred after the potato became a staple crop throughout Europe by the late 1700s, leading to a dependence that caused the failure.