Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Gupta Empire was an Indian empire of the classical period that existed from the mid 3rd century to the mid 6th century CE. At its peak it ruled much of the northern Indian subcontinent, and some historians have called the era the Golden Age of India.
The Gupta dynasty was founded by a king named Gupta, the earliest known ruler of the line, who flourished in the late 3rd century CE. Numismatic research suggests Sri Gupta ruled as an independent monarch in the Magadha region, with silver coins bearing the legend "Śrī Gupta" found in the Hajipur-Muzaffarpur area of Bihar.
Chandragupta II, known as Vikramaditya or Brave as the Sun, ruled the Gupta Empire from 375 until 415. He defeated the Saka Western Kshatrapas, established a second capital at Ujjain, and his court was graced by the Navaratna, the Nine Jewels, who included the poet Kālidāsa.
The Gupta Empire declined due to loss of territory to its own former feudatories and the invasions of the Huna peoples, the Kidarites and Alchon Huns, from Central Asia. The Alchon Huns under Toramana and Mihirakula broke through Gupta defences in the late 490s, and a 2019 study by archaeologist Shanker Sharma also pointed to a devastating mid-6th-century flood in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
The Gupta Empire produced the first positional base 10 numeral system and the scholar Aryabhata, who wrote the Aryabhatiya, approximated pi to four decimal places, and stated the Earth was a sphere with a circumference of 24,835 miles. The Sushruta Samhita on Ayurveda surgery and the corrosion-resistant Iron Pillar of Delhi also date to the period.
Samudragupta succeeded his father around 335 or 350 CE and ruled until about 375. His courtier Harisena composed the Allahabad Pillar inscription crediting him with uprooting 8 kings of Āryāvarta and defeating 12 rulers of the southern Dakshinapatha, and his gold coins depict him playing a veena.