Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word giant first appeared in written English during the year 1297 within Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. Before that moment, ancient Greek speakers used the term gigas to describe beings of immense size and power.
Claudine Cohen published her book The Fate of the Mammoth in 2002 to argue that human interaction with fossil bones shaped giant lore for millennia. Ancient scholars like Pliny described finding giant skeletons in Crete following an earthquake and interpreted them as evidence of evolution.
Greek mythology describes the Gigantes as children of Uranus and Gaia who fought the Olympian gods in a conflict known as the Gigantomachy. Norse tradition features Ymir, a cosmic giant whose flesh formed the entire world of men before Ragnarök destroyed everything.
Modern fairy tales like Jack the Giant Killer established giants as dimwitted ogres who ate humans and livestock for centuries. Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl later created intelligent and friendly giants that challenged earlier stereotypes while Paul Bunyan was a synthetic figure conceived by advertising men rather than a spontaneous product of folk mind yet adopted enthusiastically by Americans.
Massive bones found in France during 1613 were initially assigned to Teutobochus before physicians published diverging conclusions about their origin. The discovery of the Claverack Giant in colonial New York triggered investigations by early American intellectuals Cotton Mather and Edward Taylor.