Short answers, pulled from the story.
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English poet, writer, and civil servant born in London in the early 1340s and best known for The Canterbury Tales. He is called the father of English literature, or the father of English poetry, for helping legitimise the literary use of Middle English when French and Latin still dominated.
Geoffrey Chaucer died of unknown causes on the 25th of October 1400, according to the engraving on his tomb, which was erected more than 100 years after his death. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, and in 1556 his remains were moved to a more ornate tomb, making him the first writer interred in Poets' Corner.
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, Anelida and Arcite, Parlement of Foules, Troilus and Criseyde, and The Legend of Good Women. He also wrote A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis and translated Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy.
Geoffrey Chaucer served as a page, courtier, diplomat, and member of the Parliament of England, elected shire knight for Kent. He was Comptroller of the Customs for the port of London for twelve years from the 8th of June 1374, and Clerk of the King's Works from 1389 to 1391.
Geoffrey Chaucer's Parlement of Foules from 1382 holds the first recorded association of Valentine's Day with romantic love. The dream-vision poem portrays a parliament of birds choosing their mates and honored the engagement of the fifteen-year-old Richard II to fifteen-year-old Anne of Bohemia.
Almost two thousand English words are first attested in Chaucerian manuscripts, with Chaucer recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary as the first author to use them. Examples include acceptable, alkali, army, arrogant, arsenic, and artillery.
Geoffrey Chaucer was a close friend of John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, and served under his patronage. They became brothers-in-law around 1396 when Gaunt married Katherine Swynford, the sister of Chaucer's wife Philippa de Roet, and Chaucer wrote The Book of the Duchess to commemorate Gaunt's first wife, Blanche of Lancaster.