Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Fatawa 'Alamgiri was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in the year 1664. The project concluded eight years later in 1672 after the commission of five hundred legal scholars completed the work.
Sheikh Nizam Burhanpuri led the commission that created the Fatawa 'Alamgiri. He was a celebrated lawyer from Lahore appointed as the chairman of this monumental state-sponsored effort.
The Fatawa 'Alamgiri prioritizes Hanafi jurisprudence above all other legal systems. It established a rigid legal framework that became the principal regulating body of the Mughal Empire.
The Fatawa 'Alamgiri granted Muslims the right to purchase and own slaves while denying them inheritance rights and legal testimony. A slave required the permission of their master to marry and had no legal status as a person.
Charles Hamilton and William Jones translated parts of the Fatawa 'Alamgiri into English in the late 18th century. Neil Baillie published another translation in 1865 and Sircar published an English compilation in 1873.
The Fatawa 'Alamgiri stiffened the social hierarchy of the Mughal Empire by creating a tiered system of justice that protected the elite while crushing the poor. It exempted the noblest classes from physical punishments while subjecting the lowest classes to the full spectrum of penalties.