Short answers, pulled from the story.
Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have, including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them. It encompasses services leading up to conception such as contraception, sex education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, pre-conception counseling, infertility management, and abortion.
Combined oral contraceptives were introduced in 1960 and have played an instrumental role in family planning for decades. Modern methods include natural methods, chemical-based methods, behavioral methods like withdrawal and calendar-based techniques, long-acting reversible contraceptive methods such as intrauterine devices and implants, surgical methods like tubal ligation and vasectomy, and assisted reproductive technology.
In 2013, 160 out of 197 governments provided direct support for family planning while twenty countries only provided indirect support through private sector or NGOs and seventeen governments did not support family planning. Direct government support continued to increase in developing countries from 82% in 1996 to 93% in 2013 but is declining in developed countries from 58% in 1976 to 45% in 2013.
China began enforcing a policy that forced couples to have no more than one child in 1979 and the policy was officially phased out in 2015. In 2015, China ended the one-child policy announcing that all married couples will be allowed to have two children and in 2021 Chinese officials announced that a Chinese couple can now have three children.
Contraceptive usage in India has more than tripled from 13% of married women in 1970 to 48% in 2009 during the period from 1965 to 2009. This growth may be inaccurate due to high disparities in education among Indian females and Indian states.