Short answers, pulled from the story.
The European Central Bank was formally established on the 1st of June 1998 by virtue of the Treaty of Maastricht. It began exercising its full powers on the 1st of January 1999, when the euro was introduced. On the 1st of December 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon granted the ECB official status as an EU institution.
Christine Lagarde is the current president of the European Central Bank. She formally took over the presidency on the 1st of November 2019, having previously served as managing director of the International Monetary Fund.
The ECB's official inflation target is 2 percent, applied symmetrically over the medium term. The bank adopted this formulation on the 8th of July 2021, replacing the older goal of inflation "below but close to 2 percent". The symmetric target means the ECB responds to both upward and downward deviations from the target.
On the 26th of July 2012, ECB president Mario Draghi declared in London that the ECB was "ready to do whatever it takes to preserve the Euro. And believe me, it will be enough." The statement led to a steady decline in bond yields for eurozone countries and is widely credited with ending the sovereign debt crisis. It was followed on the 6th of September 2012 by the announcement of the Outright Monetary Transactions programme.
The PEPP was launched on the 19th of March 2020 with an initial envelope of 750 billion euros. It was expanded to 1.350 trillion euros in June 2020 and reached a final total of 1.850 trillion euros, equal to 15.4 percent of euro area GDP in 2019, after a further expansion in December 2020. Net purchases ended on the 31st of March 2022, with 93 percent of the envelope used.
The European Central Bank is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. The bank formerly occupied the Eurotower building before moving into its new premises in November 2014. The Eurotower was subsequently dedicated to the ECB's supervisory activities under European Banking Supervision.