Short answers, pulled from the story.
Electrical engineering became a recognized profession in the latter half of the 19th century, following the commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electrical power generation. The first professional electrical engineering institutions were founded in the UK and the US during that period.
Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng invented the MOSFET at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1959. It was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturized and mass-produced, and it became the most widely used electronic device in the world, enabling Moore's law and the modern electronics industry.
The world's first department of electrical engineering was founded at the Technische Universitat Darmstadt in 1882, which also introduced the first degree course in 1883. Cornell University produced the world's first electrical engineering graduates in 1885.
The war of the currents was a competition in the United States between a George Westinghouse-backed alternating current system and a Thomas Edison-backed direct current power system. AC was ultimately adopted as the overall standard, partly because it could transmit power more efficiently over long distances using transformers.
Guglielmo Marconi began work in 1895 on adapting known electromagnetic wave transmission methods into a commercial wireless telegraph system. In December 1901 he transmitted wireless waves that were not affected by the curvature of the Earth, and he later sent signals across the Atlantic between Poldhu, Cornwall, and St. John's, Newfoundland, a distance of 2,100 miles.
The 1893 international conference in Chicago produced standardized definitions for the units volt, ampere, coulomb, ohm, farad, and henry. In many countries, these definitions were immediately recognized in relevant legislation and formed the basis for future industrial standardization.