Short answers, pulled from the story.
Eid al-Fitr is the first of the two main festivals in Islam, the other being Eid al-Adha. It falls on the first day of Shawwal, the tenth month of the Islamic calendar, and marks the end of the month-long dawn-to-dusk fasting during Ramadan.
The Eid al-Fitr prayer is performed in congregation in an open field, community center, or mosque, and consists of two rakaʿat. No call to prayer is given, the prayer includes extra Takbirs that vary by branch of Islam, and the sermon, or khutbah, comes after the prayer rather than before it.
Eid al-Fitr is nicknamed Sweet Eid or the Sugar Feast because food, especially sweet dishes, is central to the celebration after a month of fasting. The name also appears as Şeker Bayramı in Turkey and Zuckerfest in Germany, and sweet vermicelli dishes such as Sheer Khurma, sivayyan, Shemai, and sawine are served across many countries.
Eidi is the cash gift given to children during Eid al-Fitr. After the prayers children often line up before adult family members who dispense money, and the gift is known as Eidi in Egypt and India, Salami or Eidi in Bangladesh, and duit raya in Malaysia, with Pakistani families often using fresh currency notes from the State Bank of Pakistan.
Muslim tradition holds that Muhammad instituted Eid al-Fitr in Medina after his migration from Mecca. The companion Anas ibn Malik narrated that Muhammad found people keeping two days of recreation and told them God had fixed two mandatory days of festivity instead, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
The date of Eid al-Fitr is fixed in the Islamic calendar on the first of Shawwal, but it falls about eleven days earlier each year in the Gregorian calendar because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Gregorian is solar. This drift means Eid can occur twice in one Gregorian year, as it did in 2000 CE, with the next occurrence in 2033.