Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi is a collection of poems by the Persian poet and Sufi mystic Rumi, also known as Divan-i Kabir and Divan-i Shams. It contains more than 40,000 verses and over 3,000 ghazals written in the Persian language.
The Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi is named after Shams-i Tabrizi, a wandering Persian Sufi dervish who became Rumi's beloved spiritual teacher. Rumi dedicated the work to Shams and filled it with verses praising him and lamenting his disappearance, even signing about a third of the poems under Shams' name.
Most poems in the Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi probably date from around 1247 C.E. and the years that followed, written in the aftermath of Shams-i Tabrizi's second disappearance in 1248 C.E. The poems were collected after Rumi's death by his students.
According to Foruzanfar's edition, the Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi contains 44,292 lines, including 3,229 ghazals in fifty-five different metres, 44 tarji-bands, and 1,983 quatrains. Most poems are in Persian, with some in Arabic and a few bilingual poems in Turkish, Arabic, and Greek.
The most prominent themes in the Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi are love and longing, expressing Rumi's mystical Sufi theology. Scholars such as Rokus de Groot read it as rejecting longing in favour of divine unity, or tawhid, while Mostafa Vaziri reads it as a universalist Religion of Love, or Mazhab-e 'Ishq.
American Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson and Walt Whitman knew the Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi and were inspired by its philosophical mysticism. The first printed copy appeared in Europe in 1838, and a twenty-volume English translation from the original Persian by Jeffrey R. Osborne was completed in 2020.