Short answers, pulled from the story.
Dartmouth College was established on the 13th of December 1769 through a royal charter issued by Governor John Wentworth. Eleazar Wheelock originally opened Moor's Indian Charity School in 1755 before relocating it to Hanover, New Hampshire.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1819 that New Hampshire could not amend Dartmouth's charter because doing so impaired a contract. Daniel Webster argued the case successfully for the college after the state attempted to convert it into a public university named Dartmouth University in 1817.
Dartmouth functions on a quarter system known as the Dartmouth Plan or D-Plan which operates year-round across four ten-week terms. All undergraduates must be in residence for fall, winter, and spring terms during their freshman year plus two terms of their senior year and the summer term of their sophomore year.
Nelson A. Rockefeller graduated cum laude with an economics degree in 1930 before becoming the 41st Vice President of the United States. Over 164 graduates have served in Congress including Daniel Webster while others like Salmon P. Chase and Levi Woodbury served as Supreme Court justices.
Dartmouth began accepting female undergraduates in the early 1970s at the same time that the institution instituted the Dartmouth Plan. The college also changed student housing arrangements beginning in the fall term of 2016 when all undergraduates were placed into one of six House communities.