Short answers, pulled from the story.
Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain. The word historically had a broader meaning concerned with an activity's impact on morals and societal well-being.
The total construction cost and subsequent related financial losses reached 352,000 euros after public servants received compensation. The initial order required 150,000 euros while monthly maintenance costs equaled 1,500 euros.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was enacted in 1977 as an early paradigmatic law for many western industrial countries. It moved the principal-agent approach back where mainly the victim and a passive corrupt member were considered rather than the active corrupt part.
Transparency International has published the Corruption Perceptions Index annually since 1995. The index ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.
The Unbundled Corruption Index measures perceived levels of corruption in four categories: petty theft, grand theft, speed money, and access money. It uses stylized vignettes instead of broadly worded survey questions to assess these forms.