Short answers, pulled from the story.
Kodak engineer Steven Sasson built the first camera to use digital electronics to capture and store images in 1975. He used a charge-coupled device from Fairchild Semiconductor that provided only 0.01 megapixels and saved black and white images onto a cassette tape.
The invention of the camera dates back to the 19th century. The introduction of the daguerreotype process in 1839 facilitated commercial camera manufacturing, and the original Kodak camera was first produced in 1888.
The Asahiflex II was the world's first SLR camera with an instant return mirror. It was released by the Japanese company Asahi, also known as Pentax, in 1954.
Aperture is an opening adjusted by overlapping plates called the aperture ring, usually located in the lens, and it controls how much light reaches the film or sensor. It is adjusted in increments called f-stops, typically ranging from 1.4 to 32, and the light entering the camera is halved with each increasing increment.
CCD sensors are power-intensive but are recognized for excellent light sensitivity and image quality. CMOS sensors offer individual pixel readouts, which leads to less power consumption and faster frame rates, with image quality that has improved significantly over time.
Sharp introduced the world's first digital camera phone, the J-SH04 J-Phone, in Japan in 2000. By the beginning of the 2010s, almost all smartphones had an integrated digital camera.
A movie camera records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.