Short answers, pulled from the story.
Nicéphore Niépce captured the first permanent photograph in 1826 using a camera obscura and a pewter plate coated with bitumen. This image required eight hours of exposure time to record the view from his window at Le Gras in France.
Commercial camera manufacturing began shortly after the daguerreotype process was introduced in 1839 by producers like Louis Daguerre who standardized their designs. By the 1850s, camera makers had established specialized trades with consistent sizes and shapes for their products.
Kodak engineer Steven Sasson developed the first digital camera using a CCD sensor in 1975. This device captured black and white images at 0.01 megapixels onto cassette tapes viewed on TV monitors.
Sharp introduced the world's first digital camera phone model J-SH04 in Japan during 2000. By the mid-2000s higher-end cell phones had integrated digital cameras becoming common features.
Motion picture cameras record static images at 24 frames per second creating illusions of movement when projected. Professional video cameras developed for television studios later expanded to music videos and corporate productions.