Short answers, pulled from the story.
Camels do not store water in their humps, as the humps are reservoirs of fatty tissue that serve as a calorie reserve. This fat can be metabolized to produce energy and water, though the process actually consumes more water than it generates through respiration.
The earliest known camel, Protylopus, lived in the open woodlands of North America 40 to 50 million years ago during the Eocene epoch. This species was no larger than a rabbit and inhabited what is now South Dakota before evolving into larger forms.
The introduction of the dromedary to the southern Levant likely occurred no earlier than the last third of the 10th century BC. Recent excavations in the Timna Valley of Israel uncovered camel bones dating to around 930 BC, challenging traditional accounts that place domestication in the 3rd millennium BC.
The United States Army established the U.S. Camel Corps in California during the 19th century to serve as pack animals in the arid West. The program was abandoned in 1861 following the outbreak of the American Civil War, leaving the animals to wander into the desert.
Heavy-chain-only antibodies were discovered in 1993 and are smaller and more durable than standard antibodies found in most other mammals. These antibodies evolved approximately 50 million years ago after camelids split from ruminants and pigs.
Ancient rock carvings of camels discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2018 are estimated to be 7,000 to 8,000 years old. These carvings predate both Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids and provide evidence of the deep historical connection between humans and camels.