Short answers, pulled from the story.
Chaim Weizmann used a pure microbiological culture to manufacture acetone from corn starch in 1917. This process utilized Clostridium acetobutylicum to meet the United Kingdom's need for explosives during World War I.
Leland C. Clark and Champ Lyons invented the first biosensor in 1962 at Bell Labs. Biosensor MOSFETs were developed between 1955 and 1960 before this invention.
Modern biotechnology is generally thought to have been born in 1971 when Paul Berg conducted successful gene splicing experiments at Stanford University. Herbert W. Boyer and Stanley N. Cohen significantly advanced the technology in 1972 by transferring genetic material into a bacterium.
Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994 when Calgene marketed its Flavr Savr delayed ripening tomato. The FDA approved the first GM salmon for commercial production and consumption in 2015.
The commercial viability of the industry expanded on the 16th of June 1980, when the US Supreme Court ruled that a genetically modified microorganism could be patented. This decision involved Indian-born Ananda Chakrabarty working for General Electric who had modified a Pseudomonas bacterium capable of breaking down crude oil.