Bion of Smyrna was an ancient Greek bucolic poet from Phlossa, a village near Smyrna, probably active at the end of the second or beginning of the first century BC. The Suda names him as one of three canonical bucolic poets alongside Theocritus and Moschus.
How did Bion of Smyrna die?
According to an anonymous poem known as the "Epitaph for Bion," he was poisoned and died young. No other ancient source records the circumstances of his death.
What poems did Bion of Smyrna write?
Bion's surviving work consists of the "Lament for Adonis," a poem of 98 lines, and seventeen shorter fragments totalling roughly another 100 lines. The fragments are thought to derive from at least four further poems, and no two fragments can be certainly identified as coming from the same poem.
Who attributed the Lament for Adonis to Bion of Smyrna?
Joachim Camerarius first attributed the "Lament for Adonis" to Bion in 1530, based on references in the "Epitaph for Bion" and metrical similarities with Bion's authenticated fragments. Before that attribution, the poem was transmitted anonymously, with one source crediting it to Theocritus.
Which ancient writers were influenced by Bion of Smyrna?
Meleager of Gadara, Ovid, Catullus, and Nonnus all alluded to Bion's work. The Greek novelists Achilles Tatius, Longus, and Heliodorus also referenced him. Bion's work continued to be read until the sixth century AD.
How did Bion of Smyrna's fragments survive to the present day?
Sixteen of the seventeen surviving fragments were preserved by the compiler Johannes Stobaeus; the seventeenth was preserved by Orion of Thebes. The "Lament for Adonis" survives on two medieval manuscripts.