Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Begum Shahi Mosque was built by Maryam Zamani, a Hindu princess who became the chief consort of Mughal Emperor Akbar and the mother of Emperor Jahangir. Construction took place between 1611 and 1614, during the reign of Jahangir.
The mosque's official name is Masjid Mariyam Zamani, or the Mosque of Mariyam Zamani Begum. It is commonly called the Begum Shahi Mosque after one of the founder's titles, Shahi Begum, meaning Empress Consort.
The Begum Shahi Mosque is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal-era mosque and introduced the five-bay prayer chamber layout that became standard in all later major Mughal mosques, including the Wazir Khan Mosque and the Badshahi Mosque. It also contains the earliest dated Iranian motif recorded in Mughal architecture.
During Sikh rule, Ranjit Singh converted the mosque into a gunpowder factory, after which it was known as Barudkhana Wali Masjid. The factory operated under the supervision of Jawahar Mal Mistri. In 1850, Deputy Commissioner Major McGregor restored the mosque to the Muslim community.
The mosque's frescoes are described as unrivalled in Pakistan and perhaps in India for their delicacy and variety, and for a harmonious golden tone. The entire interior surface of the prayer chamber is covered with geometric and floral motifs painted on stucco, representing the earliest known example of such extensive decorative fresco use in early Mughal architecture.
The Begum Shahi Mosque is located in the interior walled city of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, close to the old Masti Gate and opposite the eastern walls of the Lahore Fort.