Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Battle of Franklin was fought on the 30th of November 1864 in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. The battle lasted only a few hours, from the Confederate assault at 16:00 until Hood ended offensive operations in the evening.
Fourteen Confederate generals were casualties at Franklin: six killed, seven wounded, and one captured. The five generals killed on the field were Patrick Cleburne, John Adams, Hiram B. Granbury, States Rights Gist, and Otho F. Strahl. A sixth, John C. Carter, was mortally wounded and died on the 10th of December.
Hood ordered the assault because he feared that attempting to flank Schofield by crossing the Harpeth River would be slow and visible, allowing Schofield to withdraw again as he had done repeatedly. Hood also preferred attacking earthworks built in a few hours over those at Nashville, which Union forces had been strengthening for three years.
The Confederate divisions of Cleburne, Brown, and French broke through the Union center near the Columbia Pike when two forward Union brigades collapsed and fled back through the main line. Within minutes, Confederates had penetrated 50 yards deep into Federal positions. Colonel Emerson Opdycke's reserve brigade counterattacked and, together with reserve elements of Reilly's division, sealed the breach in desperate hand-to-hand fighting.
After Franklin, Hood advanced his damaged force against Thomas's more than 60,000 Union troops entrenched at Nashville. Thomas attacked on the 15th and the 16th of December 1864 and decisively defeated Hood at the Battle of Nashville. The Army of Tennessee retreated to Mississippi with just under 20,000 men, barely half of what it had fielded at the start of the campaign, and never fought again as an effective force.
The Carter House was the home of the Carter family and served as Brigadier General Jacob Cox's headquarters during the battle, positioned at the center of the Union defensive line. The house and outbuildings still stand today on a site of about 15 acres and are open to visitors; hundreds of bullet holes from the battle remain visible in the structure. The Carter Family Garden on the property was the site of the brief Confederate breakthrough.