Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Battle of Britain officially began on the 10th of July 1940 and ended on the 31st of October 1940. The name was coined by Prime Minister Winston Churchill on the 18th of June 1940 before any shots were fired. The conflict concluded after the Luftwaffe failed to destroy British air defenses and force a surrender.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill named the Battle of Britain during a speech to the House of Commons on the 18th of June 1940. He declared the Battle of France over and stated that the Battle of Britain was about to begin. This naming occurred more than three weeks before the first strategic bombing raid took place on the 10th of July 1940.
The Dowding system was a network of radar, observation posts, and ground control that linked the entire defense of Britain. It allowed information to flow from Chain Home radars to Fighter Command Headquarters where it was filtered and sent to sector stations. This system improved interception success rates to over 75 percent and allowed the RAF to dispatch squadrons to break up Luftwaffe formations.
The No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron was the highest-scoring fighter squadron of the Battle of Britain despite joining two months after the conflict began. A total of 145 Polish pilots flew at least one authorized operational sortie during the campaign. These pilots are honored in a memorial book within the Battle of Britain Chapel in Westminster Abbey.
The Blitz started on the 7th of September 1940 when Hitler authorized a main focus on day and night attacks on London. The night-bombing operations continued until the 11th of May 1941. This period followed the Luftwaffe shift from attacking airfields to bombing London as a fatal strategic error.