Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first known records of the Nabataean alphabet appeared during the 2nd or 1st centuries BCE. These early inscriptions were written using the Aramaic language which served as the common tongue for trade and communication at that time.
Countries where it serves as the sole official script include Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, and Yemen. Regions where it appears alongside other scripts include Malaysia, Tajikistan, and parts of China.
Turkey changed its official script from Arabic to Latin in 1928 under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk during a Westernizing revolution. This decision marked a significant break from centuries of Ottoman tradition.
Major calligraphic styles define visual aesthetics including Naskh which appears frequently in modern printing and Kufic which represents an earlier style often associated with monumental inscriptions. Nastaliq dominates Urdu and Punjabi text production while Taliq functions as a predecessor to Nastaliq and remains occasionally used for Persian manuscripts.
Unicode assigns specific ranges to encode standard Arabic characters alongside extended forms used by minority languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Kurdish, and Uyghur. The primary block covers codes from 0600 through 06FF while additional supplements extend into ranges like 0750, 077F and 08A0, 08FF.