Short answers, pulled from the story.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier was born on the 26th of August 1743 into a wealthy family of the nobility in Paris. He inherited a vast fortune at the age of five following the death of his mother, which allowed him to pursue science full-time without financial struggles.
Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze was the 13-year-old daughter of a senior member of the Ferme générale whom Antoine Lavoisier married in 1771. She translated English documents for him, assisted in the laboratory, created sketches and engravings of instruments, and edited his memoirs to ensure the preservation of their experimental records.
Antoine Lavoisier disproved the phlogiston theory by conducting quantitative chemical experiments that showed matter is neither lost nor created during chemical reactions. He demonstrated that combustion involves the combination of substances with oxygen, which he named in 1774, and established the law of conservation of mass through precise measurements.
Antoine Lavoisier was executed on the 8th of May 1794 in Paris because of his involvement in the Ferme générale, a hated tax farming company. He was convicted of defrauding the state and adding water to tobacco, leading to his guillotine death along with 27 co-defendants.
Antoine Lavoisier synthesized water by burning hydrogen and oxygen in 1783, proving it was a compound rather than an element. He also developed a new system of chemical nomenclature that defined oxygen as an essential constituent of all acids and introduced the concept of allotropy when discovering that diamond is a crystalline form of carbon.