When was the Antarctic Treaty signed and when did it enter into force?
The Antarctic Treaty was signed by twelve nations on the 1st of December 1959. It officially entered into force on the 23rd of June 1961.
Questions about Antarctic Treaty System
Short answers, pulled from the story.
What activities does the Antarctic Treaty System prohibit in Antarctica?
The treaty prohibits nuclear testing, military operations, economic exploitation, and new territorial claims. The Protocol on Environmental Protection further bans all activities related to mineral resources except science.
How many state parties currently participate in the Antarctic Treaty System as of 2024?
As of 2024, there are 58 state parties to the treaty system. Twenty-nine countries hold consultative voting status including all twelve original signatories.
Where is the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat located and who serves as Executive Secretary?
The Antarctic Treaty Secretariat operates from Buenos Aires, Argentina since September 2004. Albert Lluberas was elected as Executive Secretary in June 2017 during the 40th meeting held in Beijing.
Which domestic laws enforce the Antarctic Treaty in Australia and the United States?
Australia enacted the Antarctic Treaty Act 1960 and the Environment Protection Act 1980. U.S. law applies to crimes committed by or against American nationals outside other jurisdictions with Special deputy U.S. Marshals stationed for enforcement presence.