Short answers, pulled from the story.
When a person feels angry, their heart rate increases and blood pressure rises. Stress hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline flood the bloodstream while the rib cage tenses and breathing becomes faster, deeper, and irregular.
Neuroscience identifies specific brain regions that activate during these moments including the amygdala which processes emotional significance rapidly. The lateral orbitofrontal cortex shows consistent activation in neuroimaging studies of anger along with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula cortex within the salience network.
In 2021 Gallup found that 23% of adults experienced a lot of anger rising from 18% in 2014 across over 140 countries. Countries that experienced the most anger were Lebanon Turkey Armenia Iraq and Afghanistan while Finland Mauritius Estonia Portugal and the Netherlands experienced the least anger.
Ancient Greek philosophers generally showed a hostile attitude towards uncontrolled anger particularly toward slaves. Galen and Seneca regarded anger as a kind of madness while Aristotle ascribed some value to anger arising from perceived injustice because it prevents injustice.
In Judaism anger is considered a negative trait where Maimonides rules that one who becomes angry is as though they had worshipped idols. Islam considers anger instigated by Satan and hinders faith while Buddhism lists anger as one of five hindrances defined as being unable to bear the object or intending harm.
Modern psychologists suggest certain psychiatric medications may control symptoms of anger including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants like sertraline and antipsychotics like aripiprazole. Conventional therapies involve restructuring thoughts and beliefs through cognitive behavioral therapy along with stress inoculation teaching clients relaxation skills to control arousal.