Short answers, pulled from the story.
Amor Vincit Omnia was painted by the Italian Baroque artist Caravaggio, completed around 1601-1602. The props for the painting, eagle wings lent by painter Orazio Gentileschi, allow the date to be placed more precisely at around 1602-1603.
The painting is held in the Gemäldegalerie, part of the Berlin State Museums in Germany. It was purchased by Frederick William III of Prussia in 1815 from the art dealer Féréol Bonnemaison, who had acquired it from the Giustiniani collection in 1812.
The painting shows Amor, the Roman Cupid, wearing dark eagle wings and sitting atop scattered emblems of human endeavors including a violin, lute, armor, coronet, square and compasses, pen, manuscript, bay leaves, and flowers, all trampled underfoot. The image illustrates the line from Virgil's Eclogues, Omnia Vincit Amor et nos cedamus amori.
Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani, the original patron, owned the painting and is said to have prized it above all other works in his collection. It remained in the Giustiniani family until 1812, when dealer Féréol Bonnemaison purchased it and sold it to Frederick William III of Prussia in 1815.
The model's identity is debated. English visitor Richard Symonds, writing around 1649-1651, recorded that the figure was Caravaggio's own boy or servant. Italian art historian Giani Pappi later proposed the model may be identical with Cecco del Caravaggio, possibly the same person as the artist Francesco Boneri, who appears across several of Caravaggio's major works.
In 1602, Cardinal Benedetto Giustiniani commissioned the painter Giovanni Baglione to produce a response painting, Divine Love Conquering Earthly Love. Accusations of plagiarism followed, and Baglione painted a second version in which the devil wore Caravaggio's face. Baglione later became Caravaggio's first biographer, shaping the historical record from a position of lasting hostility.