Short answers, pulled from the story.
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi lived between the years 780 and 850. His birthplace remains a subject of historical debate among scholars today with some evidence pointing to Khwarazm south of the Aral Sea while others suggest Qutrubul near Baghdad.
Al-Jabr appeared between the years 813 and 833 as a systematic treatise on mathematics that introduced operations called reduction and balancing. Kitab al-Hisab al-Hindi appeared around the year 820 describing decimal number systems and Kitab Surat Al-Ard finished completion in the year 833 revised Ptolemy's second-century Geography text.
The term algebra derives directly from the title Al-Jabr meaning restoration or completion while the word algorithm derives from his Latinized name Algoritmi meaning computation technique. English terms algorithm and algebra originate directly from his written titles and Spanish Italian Portuguese languages adopted similar terminology reflecting his global influence.
Zij al-Sindhind contained approximately thirty-seven chapters covering calendrical and astronomical calculations with one hundred sixteen tables including data about sun moon movements plus five known planets. Sine value tables appeared alongside these celestial records for practical navigation use and trigonometric functions like sines and cosines received accurate tabulation here.
Al-Khwarizmi corrected Mediterranean Sea length estimates significantly reducing errors from sixty-three degrees to nearly fifty degrees when he finished Kitab Surat Al-Ard in the year 833. His Prime Meridian positioned ten degrees east of Marinus and Ptolemy original lines and Atlantic and Indian Oceans appeared as open bodies rather than landlocked seas previously depicted.